The reform of supply of public health services leading the training of sports professionals in local colleges and universities in the background of healthy china / A reforma da oferta dos serviços de saúde pública nas escolas e universidades locais no contexto da china saudável / La reforma del lado de la oferta de los servicios de salud pública para la formación de profesionales del deporte en las universidades locales en el marco de una china saludable

ABSTRACT With the continuous expansion of public health services, the output of sports talents under the existing training mode of sports talents in Colleges and Universities has been unable to meet the market demand of social sports, so it is inevitable to optimize the existing talent training mode. Based on the original "dual system" teaching mode of college sports talents, this study incorporated the LDTA model to optimize and adjust it, so as to establish a new college sports talent training system. In order to prove the feasibility of the new sports talent training system, after analyzing the market economy of the local social sports industry and the basic situation of students, this paper studies the application of the new sports talent training system to the practical teaching of physical education students in 2017 in university X from 2019 to the first half of 2020, and compares the final scores of the students under the original teaching mode and the new sports talent training system. At present, the students' final scores under the new PE talent training system are generally higher than those under the original teaching mode. It is also found that for some practical skills courses, the students' performance under the new PE talent training system is obviously better than that under the original teaching mode. All these results show that the new sports talent training system established by the research is feasible, and has high practical value for promoting the reform of the supply of sports talents in Colleges and Universities and improving the professional skills and knowledge level of sports talents.

RESUMO Com a contínua expansão do dos serviços de saúde pública, a produção de talentos esportivos sob o modo de treinamento existente em faculdades e universidades não tem atendido a demanda da indústria esportiva social, por isso é inevitável otimizar o modo de treinamento de talentos existente. Baseado no modo de ensino original dual system de talentos esportivos universitários, este estudo utilizou o modelo LDTA para otimizá-lo e ajustá-lo, de modo a estabelecer um novo sistema de treinamento de talentos esportivos universitários. A fim de provar a viabilidade do novo sistema de formação de talentos desportivos, após analisar a economia de bercado da indústria desportiva social local e a situação básica dos estudantes, este documento estuda a aplicação do novo sistema de treinamento de talentos esportivos ao ensino prático dos alunos, em 2017, da escola de educação física da Universidade X de 2019 até a primeira metade de 2020, e compara as pontuações finais dos alunos sob o modo de ensino original e o novo sistema de treinamento de talentos esportivos. Atualmente, as pontuações finais dos estudantes no âmbito do novo sistema de formação de talentos esportivos são geralmente superiores às do modo de ensino inicial. Constata-se também que, para alguns cursos de competências práticas, o desempenho dos estudantes no âmbito do novo sistema de formação de talentos esportivos é obviamente melhor do que o do modo de ensino inicial. Todos esses resultados mostram que o novo sistema de formação de talentos desportivos instituído pela investigação é viável e tem um elevado valor prático para promover a reforma da oferta de talentos desportivos nas faculdades e universidades e para melhorar as competências profissionais e o nível de conhecimentos dos talentos esportivos.

RESUMEN Con la continua expansión de los servicios de salud pública, la producción de talentos deportivos bajo el modo de entrenamiento existente en Colegios y Universidades no ha podido satisfacer la demanda del mercado de deportes sociales, por lo que es inevitable optimizar el modo de entrenamiento de talentos existente. Basado en el modo de enseñanza original de "sistema dual" de talentos deportivos universitarios, este estudio incorporó el modelo LDTA para optimizarlo y ajustarlo, a fin de establecer un nuevo sistema de entrenamiento de dichos talentos. Con el fin de demostrar la viabilidad del nuevo sistema de formación de talento deportivo, tras analizar la economía de mercado de la industria sociodeportiva local y la situación básica de los estudiantes, este trabajo estudia la aplicación del nuevo sistema de formación de talento deportivo a la docencia práctica de los estudiantes en 2017 del Colegio de Educación Física de la universidad X, y desde 2019 hasta el primer semestre de 2020, y compara los puntajes finales de los estudiantes bajo el modo de enseñanza original y el nuevo sistema de entrenamiento de talento deportivo.. En la actualidad, los puntajes finales de los estudiantes bajo el nuevo sistema de formación de talentos de educación física son generalmente más altos que los del modo de enseñanza original. También se encuentra que, para algunos cursos de habilidades prácticas, el desempeño de los estudiantes bajo el nuevo sistema de formación de talentos de educación física es obviamente mejor que el del modo de enseñanza original. Todos estos resultados muestran que el nuevo sistema de formación de talentos deportivos establecido por la investigación es factible y tiene un alto valor práctico para promover la reforma de la oferta de talentos deportivos en Colegios y Universidades y mejorar las habilidades profesionales y el nivel de conocimiento de los talentos deportivos.

Supply-side reform measures of public sports service from the perspective of public health promotion / Reforma da oferta de serviços esportivos públicos do ponto de vista da promoção da saúde pública / Reforma de la oferta de servicios deportivos públicos desde la perspectiva de la promoción de la salud pública

ABSTRACT With the rapid development of public health construction, the supply of public sports services and the demand of residents at this stage are gradually divergent. In order to solve the contradiction between the supply and demand of public sports services, this study, from the perspective of public health, combined with the current situation of demand for public sports services, used the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to build the supply-side optimization model of public sports services, and to verify it. The results show that the weight of the model optimization index from high to low is service level > resource conditions > public degree > service content > location and type of facilities; the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation result of the model is 85 points, which shows that the index of the optimization model has good applicability. The supply-side optimization model constructed in this study is evaluated by community residents and experts in related fields, so the evaluation results are closer to the residents' demand and have high practical value. The results of this study have reference significance for the supply-side reform of public sports services, and fundamentally ensure the close relationship between the supply-side reform measures and the actual demand of residents.

RESUMO Com o rápido desenvolvimento da construção da saúde pública, a oferta de serviços desportivos públicos e a procura por parte da população, nesta fase, são gradualmente divergentes. A fim de resolver a contradição entre a oferta e a demanda por serviços esportivos públicos, este estudo, sob a perspectiva da saúde pública, combinado com a atual situação da demanda por serviços esportivos públicos por parte da população, utilizou o processo hierárquico analítico difuso para construir o modelo de otimização da oferta de serviços esportivos públicos, e para verificar esse modelo. Os resultados mostram que o peso do índice de otimização do modelo de alto a baixo é o nível de serviço > condições de recursos > Grau público > conteúdo de serviço > localização e tipo de instalações. O resultado de avaliação abrangente difusa do modelo é 85 pontos, o que mostra que o índice do modelo de otimização tem boa aplicabilidade. O modelo de otimização da oferta construído neste estudo é avaliado por residentes da comunidade e especialistas em campos relacionados, de modo que os resultados da avaliação estão mais perto da demanda da população e têm alto valor prático. Os resultados deste estudo têm um significado de referência para a reforma da oferta dos serviços desportivos públicos e garantem fundamentalmente a estreita relação entre as medidas de reforma da oferta e a procura real por parte da população.

RESUMEN Con el rápido desarrollo de la implementación de la salud pública, la oferta de servicios deportivos públicos y la demanda de la población en esta etapa son gradualmente divergentes. Para resolver la contradicción entre la oferta y la demanda de servicios deportivos públicos, se realizó este estudio, desde la perspectiva de la salud pública, combinado con la situación actual de la demanda de servicios deportivos públicos. Para el mismo, se utilizó el proceso de jerarquía analítica difusa para construir el modelo de optimización de la oferta de los servicios deportivos públicos y verificarlo. Los resultados muestran que el peso del índice de optimización del modelo de mayor a menor es el nivel de servicio> las condiciones de los recursos> el grado público> el contenido del servicio> la ubicación y el tipo de instalaciones. El resultado de la evaluación integral difusa del modelo es de 85 puntos, lo que muestra que el índice del modelo de optimización tiene una buena aplicabilidad. El modelo de optimización del lado de la oferta construido en este estudio fue evaluado por habitantes de la comunidad y expertos en campos relacionados, por lo que los resultados de la evaluación están más cerca de la demanda de los residentes y tienen un alto valor práctico. Los resultados de este estudio tienen un significado de referencia para la reforma de la oferta de los servicios deportivos públicos y garantizan fundamentalmente la estrecha relación entre las medidas de reforma de la oferta y la demanda real de los habitantes.

To construct of quality improvement program system and to promote the transition development of organ transplantation / 器官移植

As proposed in 2019 Annual Congress of the Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation, the overall objective of the development of organ transplantation in China is to deepen the structural reform of the supply side comprehensively, to promote the transition of organ transplantation from the quantitative scale model to the quality-lifting type, and to promote the scientific, balanced, standardized and high-quality development of organ transplantation. This paper introduces the construction of quality management system and the implementation of quality improvement program in the field of surgery and transplantation in the United States, summarizes the preliminary work of how to combine foreign experience to promote the construction of quality improvement program of renal transplantation in our country, and proposes the idea of extending the quality improvement program of organ transplantation.

Analysis on the win-win development of family doctors to promote the combination of healthcare and elderly care / 中华医院管理杂志

The innovative healthcare plus elderly care model is a major move for China to combat population aging. Given its initial success, there still exist challenges in the systems and economic conditions, for which family doctors can play a key role as population health " gatekeepers" . From the perspective of supply-side reform, this paper analyzed the current progress and challenges in this regard, and proposed a win-win mode. This mode combined the advantages of the family doctor system to optimize the community-based healthcare and elderly care as well as aging care resources.Family doctors are centered to build a community elderly care supply mode, to promote mutual development of primary medical institutions and the elderly-healthcare sector in China.

Thoughts on the Structural Reform of Drug Supply Side to Crack the Unrealistically High Drug Prices / 中国医院管理

At present,the unrealistically high drug prices become an indisputable fact to cause the chaos in the medical field.They are the main reasons of "difficult and too expensive to see doctors".And they are deeply loathed by the people in the country.In addition,the unrealistically high drug prices have become the shackles in deepening medical and health reform.Therefore,a determined effort must be made to resolve the serious problems.Through analyzing the status of high drug prices,the main reasons of the unrealistically high drug prices,and the hazards of high drug prices,the article puts forward countermeasures of state monopoly in national essential drugs to solve the unrealistically high drug prices problems for structural reform of supply side.

Dicussion on the Innovation Development by Blood-supply Requirements: Based on the 6 Requirements of Supply Side Structural Reform Guidance for Deepening Eonomics Development / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To discuss innovative development under the "6 requirements" guidance of supply-side structural reform,and provide direction of development reference for promoting the development of blood collection and supply.Methods:It reviewed the development of blood collection and supply in a certain blood center,analyzed the integrating degree between the main business development measures and "6 requirements" of supply-side structural reform.Results:There was a better compatibility between the main measures and "6 requirements" of supply-side structural reform.Conclusion:Based on the "6 requirements" guidance of supply-side structural reform,innovative development could be led to effectively break the current bottleneck at blood collection and supplyment.

Medical education reform in China:a supply-side view / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Nowadays, a tremendous mismatch and imbalance is emerging between the demand and the supply of the number, structure and distribution of medical specialists in China. A supply-side approach is used to analyze the problem of the supply-demand mismatch of medical specialists in China. The under-lying causes of the mismatch and imbalance are identified from the perspectives of economy, resources, government and universities, based on which the supply-side reform is performed via strengthening the role of government, intensifying the combination between the medicine and the education, clarifying the role of the university and following the law of medical education, to realize and improve the quality of the classified supply of medical specialists in order to match the growing needs in the new era.

Cognitive Analysis of Medical Precise Health Policy for Poverty Alleviation in Poverty Regions / 中国医院管理

Objective To deal with the awareness rate of medical precise health care policy of the medical care workers in poverty-stricken areas and the influencing factors of the awareness rate.Methods The questionnaire was designed based on literature analysis and expert discussion,and field investigation was done.Statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS19.0.Results Only 26.0％ of medical workers express that they were aware of current health poverty alleviation and related policies,while nearly 40％ were not satisfied with current precision health and poverty alleviation policy.Logistic regression analysis indicated that three factors on health care personnel had an impact on the level of awareness of precision health and poverty alleviation policies,"whether the hospital has acquired help from a superior hospital","where the hospital gives help to junior hospitals" and "where the hospital has preferential policies tilt for employees serving primarily for a long time'.Conclusion The awareness and satisfaction on precision health poverty alleviation policy of medical staff at the public county-level hospitals remains to be improved.From the hospital point of view,establishing close county-level rural health and poverty alleviation structure from the hospital and supportive policy of leader-member,innovating management mode,as well as providing preferential policies tilt for employees serving primarily for a long time are viable options for targeted and healthy poverty alleviation.

Research on Multi-stage Constraint Gaming with the Moral Hazard from the Supply Side in Public Hospitals of China / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To discuss the constraint mechanism of moral hazard from the supply side in the medical market of China.Methods:It analyzed the effectiveness of government regulation and of the influencing factors of the doctors and patients expected profits through the establishment 4 stage dynamic game model involved the doctors,patients and the government as the subject.Results:In the case of other conditions unchanged,the effective probability of government regulation would increase with the increase of profits made by excessive medical treatment,but would decrease with the increase of doctor's punishment cost and the increase of doctor's reputation value.Given the reasonable probability about medical treatment,the doctor's expected profits would increase with the increase of the value of a reasonable medical gain and doctor's reputation increase.The prospective profits of patients would increase as the doctor's profits increased,but decrease with the over-increased medical treatment.Conclusion:The effective restraint mechanism of moral hazard from the supply side of public hospitals in China included relax the price control,improve the market value of medical services,form effective doctor reputation incentive mechanism,reduce government supervision costs and improve government regulation on the basis of promoting incentive compatibility.

The Enlightenment of Bundled Payment for the Supply-side Reform in Field of Health Care in China / 中国卫生经济

By improving the existing pattern that different medical institutions with competition fragmentary health care mode,the bundled payment could improve the coordination and cooperation between medical institutions,improve the overall medical service quality and reduce medical service cost.It provided a helpful thought for the supply-side reform in health field in China.Foreign experience indicated that in order to implement bundled payment mode,China should build a complete medical service supply chain to promote integration of medical institutions;shift economic stimulus to economic constraints,build orderly competition environment;strengthen the construction of informatization and promote the applications of healthy big data.

Model and effectiveness analysis of countywide healthcare reform in Anhui province / 中华医院管理杂志

The countywide healthcare reform in Anhui province since 2015 was analyzed in the paper.The reform is based on the integration of healthcare management system and health service system of the new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS).The core of reform is regional global per capita budget of NCMS.The reform promotes the county′s healthcare institutions to shift from profit oriented to costs control, improves their quality of care, emphasizes disease prevention and control, and maintains residents health.Next, we should pay attention to the rationality of funds balance and benefits distribution, and the training of county healthcare personnel.

Analysis on Supply-side Structural Reform Strategy of Drug Distribution Based on Structure-conduct-per-formance Analysis Paradigm / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide basic industrial research and development recommendations for the supply-side structural reform in drug distribution in China. METHODS:Structure-conduct-performance(SCP)analysis paradigm from Harvard was used for in-depth study of market structure,business conduct and business performance in China since 2010. RESULTS:Since 2010, drug distribution industry in China had shown the scale of decline in the growth rate,low market concentration,increased barriers to entry,the leading of state-owned capital,etc. Though corporate mergers and acquisitions and public financing expanded the scale,management information,third-party logistics,Internet+and pharmacy alliance business model flourished,the industry op-erating performance was poor,state-owned enterprises showed poor performance. CONCLUSIONS:The transformation and upgrad-ing of the industry business model should be promoted by targetedly accelerating the supply-side structural reforms in the drug distri-bution industry,encouraging corporate finance mergers,breaking local protectionism,developing cooperative pharmacies and phar-maceutical third-party logistics alliances and leveraging the Internet.

Analysis on the Hospital Beds and Related Resources Supply: The Supply Side Reform of Health Field in China Based on the Comparative Analysis between China and the United States / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To compare the changing trends and differences of bed numbers,doctor numbers and medical service utilization in the US.and China so as to provide polity implication for the health care reform in China from the supply side.Methods:The data of beds,doctors,hospitalization and outpatient service utilization from the website of OECD and CDC of the United States as well as Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Health and Family Planning were used to describe the trends.Results:The beds per 1000 people in China had exceeded that of the US,while the doctors per 1 000 people in China was less than the US.Both the two countries had yearly increasing trend of outpatient visits.However,the hospitalization was decreasing in the US,while the growth rate of hospitalization was even higher than the outpatient visits in China.Conclusion:The decrease of bed amount and the increase of outpatient amount were the main changing trend of medical resources and service utilization in the US.The imbalanced structure of medical resource supply in China resulted the overuse of hospitalization services.In the supply side reform of medical reform in China,it suggested to promote the cooperation of medical insurance,drug and health care,adjusted the reform thought from resource amount into the promotion of service quality,changed the health management system from disease centered into health centered.

Improving the Fiscal Subsidy and Payment to Promote the Supply-Side Reform in Medical Service Field / 中国卫生经济

Based on the describing the effects and restricts of fiscal subsity and medical insurance payment on medical institutions and doctor behavior,the lead of fiscal subsidy and payment was managed as the important key for the supply-side reform in health service field,so as to promote the regression benefits for public hospitals,help to solve the core problems for new medical reform and achieve the main goal of medical service system reform.

Suggestions on the development of China’ s disease prevention and control undertaking in the context of the supply-side reform / 上海预防医学

The supply-side reform has brought about changes of various social undertakings of China and has also influenced its disease prevention and control undertaking .By means of literature analyses , expert consultancy , etc., this paper analyzes the existing barriers to the development of China ’ s disease prevention and control undertaking , identifies the influence of the supply-side reform thereon and put forward development and reform suggestions . In implementing the disease prevention and control undertaking , it is necessary to think outside the negative feedback loop trap for feats ( negative trap for feats) .So long as the basic tasks for local financial supports and relevant requirements are fulfilled , it should be allowed to offer more services by means of service charges , thus emancipating the productivity of the disease prevention and control personnel .Disease prevention and control institutions should lay more focus on the service-organizing function , as compared with the service-offering function , and encourage more social institutions to provide disease prevention and control services .Moreover , they should attach more importance to integration of data from various channels , creation of valuable information and provision of disease information services .

Study on structural reform and governance models of National Health Service in UK / 中国卫生政策研究

Based on the structural reform approaches of management system and mechanism implemented by the British NHS, this paper systematically introduced governance models and characteristics of NHS Foundation Trusts(FTs)from the four dimensions:perfecting the laws,establishing accountability framework,improving finan-cial management,and operational governance business model.As a public benefit corporation, on the basis of the principle of public-private partnerships(Public-Private-Partnership, PPP), NHS foundation trusts currently intro-duces a number of entrepreneurial practices under the premise of public welfare attribute, and provide goods and services according to entrustment contract and core NHS principles-free medical care,demand-oriented,affordability and so on.With these reform measures being implemented,the legal status and independent decision-making power of NHS Trust Fund Medical Consortium will be remarkably improved,so as the Foundation Trusts will be much more"on their own"and take complete responsibility for ensuring that they are successful.At the same time, with the norms of the provider,s behavior and medical services,and the improvement of competition and regulation mechanism has also greatly promoted a much more diversified and orderly competitive market for medical service providers.

Research on public hospitals participating in supply-side structural reform of medical service / 中国卫生政策研究

This paper analyzes the main performance problems of public hospitals in China,s health service field,including the deep institutional mechanism contradictions and the inefficient use of resources relying on debt to expand.Based on the policy paper of public hospital reform,this paper puts forward the path of public hospitals,par-ticipation in supply-side structural reform of medical services with objectives including:to resolve the historical debts of public hospitals,to control the financial and fiscal risks;to strictly control the cost of public hospitals, to cutrail the unreasonable increase of expenses in public hospitals and provide affordable services;to innovate the management system and operation mechanism,to make compensation and supervision in place, and improve the governance sys-tem of public hospitals;to strengthen the links between public hospitals and primary,social capital so as to integrate the medical industry chain,and expand the supply of high-quality medical resources.

Pathway research on medical equipment personnel training from viewpoint of supply side / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the present situation and measures of medical equipment personnel training with considerations on idea of precision interaction and precision service as well as the viewpoint of supply side.Methods The present situation and requirements of medical equipment personnel training were analyzed with the methods of literature query,field survey,questionnaire survey,panel discussion,expert consultation and etc.Results Medical equipment personnel shortages occurred in management,research,development and other fields,and efforts had to be executed from the aspects of policy,industrial idea and etc.Conclusion A multi-dimension medical equipment personnel training system has to be established involving in personnel training,development and utilization.

Research Progress, Limitation and Orientation of Supply-side Structural Reform in Health Field / 中国卫生经济

Supply-side problems such as health resources deficiencies,unreasonable structure,uneven distribution,lack of high quality resources,single supply subject and weak basic services existed in the field of health.Based on the literature analysis method,it introduced the research progress of supply-side structural reform in the field of health,but the existing research was scattered.The orientation needed to study including defining the concept,connotation and denotation of supply-side structural reform in the field of health,setting up theory frame system,combing the experiences of international health service supply,summing up the typical cases of supply-side structural reform in the field of health in China,understanding the reform progress and main problems,putting forward the implementation path and policy measures to promote the supply-side structural reform.

Pathway research on medical equipment personnel training from viewpoint of supply side / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the present situation and measures of medical equipment personnel training with considerations on idea of precision interaction and precision service as well as the viewpoint of supply side.Methods The present situation and requirements of medical equipment personnel training were analyzed with the methods of literature query,field survey,questionnaire survey,panel discussion,expert consultation and etc.Results Medical equipment personnel shortages occurred in management,research,development and other fields,and efforts had to be executed from the aspects of policy,industrial idea and etc.Conclusion A multi-dimension medical equipment personnel training system has to be established involving in personnel training,development and utilization.